Oral Health Profile of HIV-infected and Non-HIV-infected Methamphetamine Users in Indonesian Drugs Rehabilitation Center

Objectives: To explore the oral condition of methamphetamine users and compare between those with and without HIV infection.
Methods: This study included 39 methamphetamine users who were being rehabilitated at Drug Dependence Hospital, Jakarta. The oral status was observed using OHIS, DMF-T, GI, and CPITN. Un-stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) was measured with spitting technique. Salivary acidity was analyzed using universal pH indicator. Oral alteration were examined and diagnosed clinically by oral medicine specialist.
Results: Among 39 subjects, only 1 female with overall mean of subject’s age was 29.8±5.9 y.o.. 21% of subjects had HIV, 95% were active smokers, 38% had Hepatitis infection, and 95% were polydrugs users. Although statistically oral health condition were similar between those with and without HIV infection, we found more HIV-infected methamphetamine users had higher caries activities (p=0.38), more severe gingival inflammation (p=0.91), lower SFR (p=0.15), more of acidic saliva (p=0.81), mucosal hyperpigmentation (p=0.13), TMJ disorder (p=0.11), and hyperkeratotic lesion (p=0.27). Interestingly, HIV-infected methamphetamine users had less oral mucosa hyperpigmentation (p=0.13), and had better periodontal condition (p=0.43). Both groups had similar frequency of having nicotinic stomatitis (p=1.00) and oral ulcer (p=0.51).
Conclusions: Both HIV and non-HIV infected methamphetamine users in Indonesia suffer from oral alteration, though a specific difference condition is not yet revealed. Further study is needed to verify the correlation factor concerning this.