IADR Abstract Archives
Temperature Effect on Fluoride Varnishes: Bioavailable Fluoride and Viscosity
Objectives: Dental materials may be affected by extreme climate conditions in resource-limited countries. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on viscosity and bioavailable fluoride in fluoride varnish preparations.
Methods: Four brands of fluoride varnish were tested for viscosity (n=5) and fluoride concentration (n=10) at four different temperatures. Group A: Acclean® 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Young Dental Manufacturing™), Group B: Vanish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride (3M ESPE), Group C: VarnishAmerica™ (Medical Products Laboratories™), and Group D: Enamelast® 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Ultradent). Samples were incubated at 21°C, 24°C, 40°C, and 52°C for 5 days. Immediately after incubation, 0.3ml of varnish was allowed to flow on a 45-degree inclined plane. The distance traveled was recorded for 10 seconds, with velocity correlating to the material’s viscosity. Fluoride concentrations were measured using Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) by Thermo Scientific. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn’s Test with Bonferroni correction to adjust p-values.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in viscosity when comparing storage temperatures 52°C to lower temperatures (A p=0.0336, B p=0.0137, C p=0.0036, and D p=0.0004) (Table 1). Groups A, C, and D stored at 52°C became too viscous to be removed from the packaging and were deemed clinically unsuitable. There was a statistically significant decrease in bioavailable fluoride when comparing storage temperatures of 52°C to lower temperatures (A p=0.0046, B p=0.0186, C p<0.001, and D p=0.0001). All varnishes except for group B experienced packaging leakage at 52°C.
Conclusions: Varnishes stored at 52°C had increased viscosity and decreased bioavailable fluoride. Group B demonstrated favorable characteristics due to the lack of package failures and retained flow.
Methods: Four brands of fluoride varnish were tested for viscosity (n=5) and fluoride concentration (n=10) at four different temperatures. Group A: Acclean® 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Young Dental Manufacturing™), Group B: Vanish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride (3M ESPE), Group C: VarnishAmerica™ (Medical Products Laboratories™), and Group D: Enamelast® 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Ultradent). Samples were incubated at 21°C, 24°C, 40°C, and 52°C for 5 days. Immediately after incubation, 0.3ml of varnish was allowed to flow on a 45-degree inclined plane. The distance traveled was recorded for 10 seconds, with velocity correlating to the material’s viscosity. Fluoride concentrations were measured using Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) by Thermo Scientific. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn’s Test with Bonferroni correction to adjust p-values.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in viscosity when comparing storage temperatures 52°C to lower temperatures (A p=0.0336, B p=0.0137, C p=0.0036, and D p=0.0004) (Table 1). Groups A, C, and D stored at 52°C became too viscous to be removed from the packaging and were deemed clinically unsuitable. There was a statistically significant decrease in bioavailable fluoride when comparing storage temperatures of 52°C to lower temperatures (A p=0.0046, B p=0.0186, C p<0.001, and D p=0.0001). All varnishes except for group B experienced packaging leakage at 52°C.
Conclusions: Varnishes stored at 52°C had increased viscosity and decreased bioavailable fluoride. Group B demonstrated favorable characteristics due to the lack of package failures and retained flow.
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