IADR Abstract Archives
Firing and Etching Effect on e.max CAD Tensile Bonding Strength
Objectives: To evaluate if the firing cycles of e.max CAD, duration of etching, and etchant concentration have effect on the tensile bonding strength
Methods: Lithium-disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar) ceramic blocks were sectioned into rectangular tiles of 1.8mm thickness, 12.4mm width and 14.5mm length. The tiles were heat treated (1, 5, or 9 firing cycles) in Programat CS furnace, etched for different times (20,160,300 seconds) with hydrofluoric-acid gel (5% or 9.6%). Titanium pins (GradeV Ti-alloy, 6.4mm in diameter, 1inch in length) were sand blasted on the flat base end, cleaned and dried for use.
A randomized experimental table was made by design of experiment (DOE) method using JMP Pro 13. 2 with 40 specimens and 5 blocks design. Forty ceramic tiles and forty titanium pins were prepared as described above. Self-adhesive resin cement (Theracem) was used for cementing the titanium-pins on the etched lithium disilicate tiles. A vertical load of 10N was placed for 40 minutes. All the 40 cemented specimens were stored in 100% moisture in a 37 °C incubator for 48 hours. A tensile test was performed on all specimens using a universal mechanical testing machine (Instron 5566A). The load at failure was recorded for each specimen and the tensile bonding strength was calculated.
To test the etching time effect only, the same procedure was followed on another set of 18 rectangular ceramic tiles (fired for 5 firing cycles) and titanium pins. The ceramic tile were etched with 5%HF for 10, 20, 60, 160 and 300 seconds. The same cementation procedure was followed and tensile bonding strengths were tested.
Linear regression model was used to analyze the acquired the tensile bond strength data using JMP Pro 13.2.
Results: The tensile bond strength was significantly affected by etching duration and firing cycles (p<0.001), but not significantly affected by etchant concentration (p=0.31). The test with concentrated interval of etching time as shown in Figure 2 indicates the highest load to failure was observed around 60-100sec etching
Conclusions: The etching time and firing cycle directly are dominate effects to the tensile bond strength. The etchant concentration does not significantly affect the tensile bonding strength.
Methods: Lithium-disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar) ceramic blocks were sectioned into rectangular tiles of 1.8mm thickness, 12.4mm width and 14.5mm length. The tiles were heat treated (1, 5, or 9 firing cycles) in Programat CS furnace, etched for different times (20,160,300 seconds) with hydrofluoric-acid gel (5% or 9.6%). Titanium pins (GradeV Ti-alloy, 6.4mm in diameter, 1inch in length) were sand blasted on the flat base end, cleaned and dried for use.
A randomized experimental table was made by design of experiment (DOE) method using JMP Pro 13. 2 with 40 specimens and 5 blocks design. Forty ceramic tiles and forty titanium pins were prepared as described above. Self-adhesive resin cement (Theracem) was used for cementing the titanium-pins on the etched lithium disilicate tiles. A vertical load of 10N was placed for 40 minutes. All the 40 cemented specimens were stored in 100% moisture in a 37 °C incubator for 48 hours. A tensile test was performed on all specimens using a universal mechanical testing machine (Instron 5566A). The load at failure was recorded for each specimen and the tensile bonding strength was calculated.
To test the etching time effect only, the same procedure was followed on another set of 18 rectangular ceramic tiles (fired for 5 firing cycles) and titanium pins. The ceramic tile were etched with 5%HF for 10, 20, 60, 160 and 300 seconds. The same cementation procedure was followed and tensile bonding strengths were tested.
Linear regression model was used to analyze the acquired the tensile bond strength data using JMP Pro 13.2.
Results: The tensile bond strength was significantly affected by etching duration and firing cycles (p<0.001), but not significantly affected by etchant concentration (p=0.31). The test with concentrated interval of etching time as shown in Figure 2 indicates the highest load to failure was observed around 60-100sec etching
Conclusions: The etching time and firing cycle directly are dominate effects to the tensile bond strength. The etchant concentration does not significantly affect the tensile bonding strength.
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