Relations between cigarette smoking and periodontal diseases of 55 to74-old-years adult in China:Finding from the 4^th National Oral Health Survey

Objectives: To assess the associations of Smoking and Periodontal Diseases among elderly people, using data from the 4^th National Oral Health Survey of China.
Methods: Data for this study was obtained from the 4^th National Oral Health Survey in China, conducted from 2015 to 2016.All sample was 55 to 74 years old. Each participant was asked to undergo a professional oral examination and to fill in questionnaire. Periodontal diseases status was evaluated by probe bleeding, calculus, Periodontal pocket and attachment loss. The data were analysed using the chi-square test and the logistic regression analysis.
Results: A total of 9054 adults were included for statistical analyses, with 49.8 % as males and 50.2% as females. The prevalence rates of probe bleeding in smokers among 55 to 74-year-olds people were 83.5% , which were lower than those in the non-smokers. The prevalence rates of calculus, periodontal pocket and attachment loss in smokers among the same people were 94.1%,78.4%,73.4%,which were higher than those in the respective non-smokers. Smokers were found 21.4% lower risk on probe bleeding, but 16% higher on calculus,27% higher on periodontal pocket and 19% higher on attachment loss when compared with non-smokers, when multiple risk factors were under control.
Conclusions: Smoking negatively associated with probe bleeding and positively associated with calculus, Periodontal pocket depth and attaclment loss in 55 to 74- year-olds Chinese adults.