IADR Abstract Archives
Effect of different implant drilling template designs on heat generation
Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different drilling template designs on heat production during implant osteotomy and to measure the effective volume of irrigation passing the drill hole.
Methods: Seventy bovine rib samples were divided into seven groups. A: control (no template, with irrigation); B: negative control (no template, without irrigation); C: Dental Wings (DW, Dental Wings, Canada) template with standard design; D: DW template in completely covering design; E: DW template with additional lateral opening; F: SMOP (Swissmeda, Switzerland) template with minimal covering design; G: orientation template with lateral opening. The experimental set-up included a surgical handpiece connected to a drill unit. Osteotomies were performed with 2.2mm and 2.8mm drills with the aid of guiding drill handles at a drilling speed of 800rpm, a drill load of 2kg and with external irrigation. Temperature was measured with thermocouples inserted laterally in a depth of 3, 6 and 9mm. In a second set-up, the amount of effective irrigation volume with every template was measured after having extended the drill channel of one rib sample apically until perforation. The irrigation volume passing through the drill channel was collected separately. For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis-Test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test were performed.
Results: Overall median temperature [in °C] rises were 3.3(A), 9.4(B), 5.1(C), 3.6(D), 3.4(E), 3.8(F), 4.3(G). The laterally opened DW-template (E) resulted in significantly lower temperatures (p=0.002) than the standard design (C). In general the highest temperature increases were found at a depth of 6mm (p<0.01).The median volume [ml/min] of irrigation passing through the channel was 28.0(A), 4.3(C), 1.7(D), 6.0(E), 4.0(F), 24.7(G). Significant highest volume was shown for template G (p=0.000).
Conclusions: A lateral opening reduces the temperatures significantly and increases the effective irrigation. Temperature maxima are to be found at the center of osteotomy, not at the deepest point.
Methods: Seventy bovine rib samples were divided into seven groups. A: control (no template, with irrigation); B: negative control (no template, without irrigation); C: Dental Wings (DW, Dental Wings, Canada) template with standard design; D: DW template in completely covering design; E: DW template with additional lateral opening; F: SMOP (Swissmeda, Switzerland) template with minimal covering design; G: orientation template with lateral opening. The experimental set-up included a surgical handpiece connected to a drill unit. Osteotomies were performed with 2.2mm and 2.8mm drills with the aid of guiding drill handles at a drilling speed of 800rpm, a drill load of 2kg and with external irrigation. Temperature was measured with thermocouples inserted laterally in a depth of 3, 6 and 9mm. In a second set-up, the amount of effective irrigation volume with every template was measured after having extended the drill channel of one rib sample apically until perforation. The irrigation volume passing through the drill channel was collected separately. For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis-Test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test were performed.
Results: Overall median temperature [in °C] rises were 3.3(A), 9.4(B), 5.1(C), 3.6(D), 3.4(E), 3.8(F), 4.3(G). The laterally opened DW-template (E) resulted in significantly lower temperatures (p=0.002) than the standard design (C). In general the highest temperature increases were found at a depth of 6mm (p<0.01).The median volume [ml/min] of irrigation passing through the channel was 28.0(A), 4.3(C), 1.7(D), 6.0(E), 4.0(F), 24.7(G). Significant highest volume was shown for template G (p=0.000).
Conclusions: A lateral opening reduces the temperatures significantly and increases the effective irrigation. Temperature maxima are to be found at the center of osteotomy, not at the deepest point.