IADR Abstract Archives
Evaluation of Anthropometric Facial Landmarks in Syndromic Individuals
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric facial measures of three individuals diagnosed with three different syndromes: Alagille, Lowe and Sotos.
Methods: Frontal and lateral photographs were taken during dental treatment after the signing of informed consent by the parents. After that, the individuals were seated with their heads up and looking at the horizon. A Sony® camera was positioned 1 meter from the face and a ruler was placed on the side of the head for software calibration. The images were analyzed by twelve trained researchers in Image J® software. The findings were compared to population pattern of caucasian north american of the same sex and age group and converted to z-scores. The z-score system is used to express anthropometric values. The measures obtained were categorized as normal (from – 2SD to + 2SD), subnormal (less than – 2SD), supernormal (greater than + 2SD) or abnormal (less than – 3 or greater than + 3) based on the Z-score.
Results: Facial anthropometric analysis revealed craniofacial abnormalities in three syndromic individuals when compared with the values described in the literature for non-syndromic people. Lowe syndrome presented a greater facial width (z-score = 4.23), while the Alagille patient presented severe signs of craniofacial narrowing, the highest abnormality was observed at face height (z-score = 11.21). The Sotos patient presented higher craniofacial proportions and the binocular distance was the largest of the alterations (z-score = 8.6).
Conclusions: Although this study was a unique description of the craniofacial aspects of individuals with Alagille, Lowe and Sotos syndromes, it demonstrated the usefulness of craniofacial analysis in the definition of abnormal variations in facial morphology and dental planning for each case.
Methods: Frontal and lateral photographs were taken during dental treatment after the signing of informed consent by the parents. After that, the individuals were seated with their heads up and looking at the horizon. A Sony® camera was positioned 1 meter from the face and a ruler was placed on the side of the head for software calibration. The images were analyzed by twelve trained researchers in Image J® software. The findings were compared to population pattern of caucasian north american of the same sex and age group and converted to z-scores. The z-score system is used to express anthropometric values. The measures obtained were categorized as normal (from – 2SD to + 2SD), subnormal (less than – 2SD), supernormal (greater than + 2SD) or abnormal (less than – 3 or greater than + 3) based on the Z-score.
Results: Facial anthropometric analysis revealed craniofacial abnormalities in three syndromic individuals when compared with the values described in the literature for non-syndromic people. Lowe syndrome presented a greater facial width (z-score = 4.23), while the Alagille patient presented severe signs of craniofacial narrowing, the highest abnormality was observed at face height (z-score = 11.21). The Sotos patient presented higher craniofacial proportions and the binocular distance was the largest of the alterations (z-score = 8.6).
Conclusions: Although this study was a unique description of the craniofacial aspects of individuals with Alagille, Lowe and Sotos syndromes, it demonstrated the usefulness of craniofacial analysis in the definition of abnormal variations in facial morphology and dental planning for each case.
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