Particle Simulation of Bone Regeneration and Angiogenesis Using Platelet-rich Plasma

Objectives: Application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is extensively used in dental bone regeneration therapy, as it contains many growth factors. These factors are thought to accelerate the regrowth of blood vessels and bone. To examine the relationship between the bone formation and vascular changes, a micro-vascular resin cast model was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, an angiogenesis model and reaction-diffusion model are constructed and calculated at the same time by computed Particle Simulation as the coupled analysis model of bone formation. Thus, the bone regeneration model is constructed using the above factors and compared with the data or images of the actual phenomena.
Methods: The mandibular premolars of beagle dogs were extracted. PRP was made and applied to one side of the dentition, with the other side remaining untreated as a control. Microvascular resin injection was performed 14, 30, and 90 days after. The soft tissue was digested with proteinase solution. These specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The computational domain was set to a cube of 1mm3 to eliminate the influence of boundaries from captured SEM images. Ninety particles were arranged in various directions; therefore, a total of 729,000 particles covered the entire area. Time step width was set to 500 steps in one day.
Results: After In analytical results, we confirmed that angiogenesis and bone regeneration of sockets treated with PRP is earlier than some of the sockets untreated with it. At 90days, however, the nearly identical bone formation was measured in both groups. This was consistent with the experimental results. From the results of numerical analysis and experiment, PRP is supposed to promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration.
Conclusions: These observations suggest that PRP application to the extraction sockets advanced vascular regeneration.