IADR Abstract Archives
Increased Viscosity of Fluoride Varnishes Stored at High Temperatures
Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to confirm that temperature affects the viscosity of fluoride varnish and to investigate a recommendation of fluoride varnishes in environments with inadequate cool storage facilities.
Methods: Four brands of varnishes were tested: Acclean® 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Young Dental Manufacturing™ distributed by Henry Schein®) (Group A), Vanish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride (3M) (Group B), VarnishAmerica™ (Medical Products Laboratories™) (Group C), and Enamelast® (Ultradent) (Group D). Each brand had a group of 5 samples incubated at 21°C, 24°C, 40°C, and 52°C for 5 days, respectively. Immediately following incubation, 3mL of varnish was allowed to flow on a 45-degree inclined plane. The distance traveled was recorded after 30 seconds. Since fluid flow is a factor of both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids, velocity was the measured parameter to correlate to the viscosity of samples. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn’s Test with the Bonferroni correction to adjust p-values.
Results: There were statistical significances in increased viscosity from the storage temperatures 24°C to 52°C in groups A, B, and C (p-values of 0.0002, 0.0395, and 0.0002 respectively). While there was flow for Groups A, B, and C, Group D was different (Table 1). It had increased flow and decreased viscosity, up to 40°C, but at 52°C, the varnish became too viscous to be removed from the packaging and was deemed clinically unsuitable. Also, all varnishes except for group B experienced packaging leakage at 52°C.
Conclusions: Across all brands, it was observed that varnishes stored at 52°C resulted in increased viscosity. Thus, there was a failure to reject the null hypothesis that as temperature increases, the viscosity increases. Since Group B had no packaging failures and had flow among the samples that were tested, Group B demonstrated more favorable characteristics for the temperatures tested.
Methods: Four brands of varnishes were tested: Acclean® 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Young Dental Manufacturing™ distributed by Henry Schein®) (Group A), Vanish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride (3M) (Group B), VarnishAmerica™ (Medical Products Laboratories™) (Group C), and Enamelast® (Ultradent) (Group D). Each brand had a group of 5 samples incubated at 21°C, 24°C, 40°C, and 52°C for 5 days, respectively. Immediately following incubation, 3mL of varnish was allowed to flow on a 45-degree inclined plane. The distance traveled was recorded after 30 seconds. Since fluid flow is a factor of both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids, velocity was the measured parameter to correlate to the viscosity of samples. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn’s Test with the Bonferroni correction to adjust p-values.
Results: There were statistical significances in increased viscosity from the storage temperatures 24°C to 52°C in groups A, B, and C (p-values of 0.0002, 0.0395, and 0.0002 respectively). While there was flow for Groups A, B, and C, Group D was different (Table 1). It had increased flow and decreased viscosity, up to 40°C, but at 52°C, the varnish became too viscous to be removed from the packaging and was deemed clinically unsuitable. Also, all varnishes except for group B experienced packaging leakage at 52°C.
Conclusions: Across all brands, it was observed that varnishes stored at 52°C resulted in increased viscosity. Thus, there was a failure to reject the null hypothesis that as temperature increases, the viscosity increases. Since Group B had no packaging failures and had flow among the samples that were tested, Group B demonstrated more favorable characteristics for the temperatures tested.
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