IADR Abstract Archives
Effect of Strawberry Gummies on the Salivary Microbiome of Smokers and Nonsmokers
Objectives: Anthocyanin rich foods have previously been shown to modulate the human microbiome. However, the effects of these phytonutrients on the oral microbiome have been little studied. The goal of the present investigation was to examine the effect of a functional confectionary (strawberry gummies) on shifts in the oral microbiome of smokers and nonsmokers.
Methods: 35 orally and systemically healthy subjects, equally distributed between smoker and nonsmoker groups, were given strawberry or placebo gummies (four times daily for seven days) in a randomized crossover study design, with one week washouts between interventions. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline (Day 0), Treatment 1(Day 7), Washout 2 (Day 21) and Treatment 2 (Day 28) DNA was isolated from these samples and the 16S gene sequenced on the Illumina platform. Sequences were compared to HOMD for bacterial identification. Bray Curtis Similarity index was computed between baseline and post-intervention microbiomes for placebo and strawberry gummies. Shifts in individual taxa following intervention were examined using parametric tests.
Results: In both smokers and nonsmokers, placebo and strawberry interventions altered the salivary microbiome. In smokers, placebo treatment led to a reduction in the levels of Actinomyces HOT.170, Cryptobacterium curtum, Eikenella corrodens, Fretibacterium HOT.360, Kingella oralis, Mycoplasma salivarium, Rothia aeria, SR1 [G-1] HOT.874 and Veillonellaceae [G-1] HOT.155, while strawberry treatment led to change in levels of Actinomyces dentalis, Actinomyces oris, Prevotella HOT.301, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella scopos, Rothia dentocariosa, Rothia dentocariosa, Selenomonas HOT.478, Streptococcus HOT.074, Streptococcus HOT.423, Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius. In nonsmokers, both placebo and strawberry treatments resulted in significant decrease in species belonging to the genera Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Actinomyces.
Conclusions: Short-term interventions with strawberry gummies cause shifts in the oral microbiome within 7 days of use in smokers and nonsmokers. The persistence of these effects needs to be examined in future studies.
Methods: 35 orally and systemically healthy subjects, equally distributed between smoker and nonsmoker groups, were given strawberry or placebo gummies (four times daily for seven days) in a randomized crossover study design, with one week washouts between interventions. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline (Day 0), Treatment 1(Day 7), Washout 2 (Day 21) and Treatment 2 (Day 28) DNA was isolated from these samples and the 16S gene sequenced on the Illumina platform. Sequences were compared to HOMD for bacterial identification. Bray Curtis Similarity index was computed between baseline and post-intervention microbiomes for placebo and strawberry gummies. Shifts in individual taxa following intervention were examined using parametric tests.
Results: In both smokers and nonsmokers, placebo and strawberry interventions altered the salivary microbiome. In smokers, placebo treatment led to a reduction in the levels of Actinomyces HOT.170, Cryptobacterium curtum, Eikenella corrodens, Fretibacterium HOT.360, Kingella oralis, Mycoplasma salivarium, Rothia aeria, SR1 [G-1] HOT.874 and Veillonellaceae [G-1] HOT.155, while strawberry treatment led to change in levels of Actinomyces dentalis, Actinomyces oris, Prevotella HOT.301, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella scopos, Rothia dentocariosa, Rothia dentocariosa, Selenomonas HOT.478, Streptococcus HOT.074, Streptococcus HOT.423, Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius. In nonsmokers, both placebo and strawberry treatments resulted in significant decrease in species belonging to the genera Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Actinomyces.
Conclusions: Short-term interventions with strawberry gummies cause shifts in the oral microbiome within 7 days of use in smokers and nonsmokers. The persistence of these effects needs to be examined in future studies.