No Association Between Interleukin-1 Gene Polymorphism and Chronic periodontitis in Korean Population; Case-control Study and Updated Meta-analysis

Objectives: The status of oral health and number of tooth are closely related to the quality of life. Chronic periodontitis is one of the major causes of loss of tooth. The cause of chronic periodontitis is multifactorial. One of them is genetic polymorphisms and polymorphism of interleukin-1 beta is regarded as a risk indicator for chronic periodontitis. Thus, the needs for investigation of risk factor of chronic periodontitis are rapidly growing both clinically and economically. In present study, the association between interleukin-1 beta polymorphism and the development of chronic periodontitis was examined and previous studies were collected and carefully reviewed.
Methods: For case-control study, we used buccal swab samples to collect DNA from unrelated individuals. SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 were used to analyze genetic data and logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values. For meta-analysis, studies about interleukin-1 beta polymorphism (-511, C/T) and chronic periodontitis were searched in electronic database including Pubmed, Embase, google of scholar, and Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS) up to April 2016 using the keywords “Interleukin-1β”, “IL1B“, or “IL1B-511”, AND “polymorphism”, “polymorphisms”, or “variant” AND “alveolar bone loss”, “periodontitis”, or “periodontal disease”.

Results: We did not find any association between interleukin-1 beta polymorphism and chronic periodontitis risk. In the genotype analysis of the interleukin-1 beta polymorphism, all models showed no significant association with periodontal disease (P>0.05). And we failed to find the association in the meta-analysis. IL-1B polymorphism (-511, C/T) was not associated with chronic periodontitis risk in any of the models.

Conclusions: In present study, the association between interleukin-1 beta polymorphism and chronic periodontitis risk in Korean population was examined and previous studies were carefully reviewed. These results suggested that interleukin-1 beta polymorphism was not associated with chronic periodontitis. If more studies would be reported in further studies, the relation between interleukin-1 beta polymorphism and the chronic periodontitis would be clarified and that would help improving clinical prognosis and reduce the socioeconomic budget.