Effects of Antiseptic Solutions on Release of Growth Factors

Objectives: Antiseptic solutions are frequently used in dentistry for sterilization procedures, including harvesting of grafted bone and irrigation therapy of osteonecrotic bone. However it is not clear that the effects of antiseptic solutions on bone cell viability and the release of growth factors. The aim of this study was to examine growth factor release over time from sterilized bone with various antiseptic solutions
Methods: The antiseptic solutions included 1) 0.5% povidone iodine (PI), 2) 0.2% chlorhexidine diguluconate (CHX), 3) 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 4) 0.25% sodiumhypochlorite (HYP). Bone samples collected from porcine mandibular buccal bone were sterilized in the antiseptic solutions for 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes and quantified for cell viability using an MTS assay and protein release of transforming growth factor (TGF-b1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1b, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1, 5, 10 and 60 minutes after rinsing.
Results: After antiseptic rinsing, the bone samples sterilized with HYP showed significantly 3 times lower cell viability than CHX-, H2O2- and PI-sterilized bone at any exposing time. A similar trend was also observed for growth factor release. TGF-b1, BMP2, VEGF, IL-1b and RANKL protein released from the bone samples sterilized with HYP was significantly lower total growth factor accumulated over a 60 minutes period compared to all others. CHX- and H2O2-sterilized bone sample showed the tendency to release higher total growth factor at each time point.
Conclusions: The results from this in vitro study have demonstrated that antiseptic solutions present with very different effects on bone samples after sterilization. Sterilizing with CHX and H2O2 maintained cell viability and protein release of growth factors, contrary to this HYP lost them.