Dental Manifestations in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II: A Case Report

Objectives: The aim of this case report was to present a case of 16 years-old patient diagnosed with APS-II and severe periodontitis and.
Methods: The patient was diagnosed for APS-II at five years old. She developed Addison’s disease, hypoparathyroidism, type I diabetes mellitus and hypogonadism. The patient has severe gingival bleeding, periodontal abscess, tooth mobility and tooth loss due to alveolar bone resorption. Hopeless teeth were extracted under antibiotic therapy and cortisone level was increased with consultation with the patient's doctor before any therapy. The initial periodontal therapy was performed and the patient put in the maintenance.
Results: The autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) form different clusters of autoimmune disorders and has 4 types. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II is defined by the occurrence of Addison’s disease with thyroid autoimmune disease and/or type I diabetes mellitus. There is no evidence about the relationship with APS and dental manifestations. The pattern of periodontal findings was consistent with periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
Conclusions: Early periodontal examination is crucial for this patient group to prevent early tooth loss in adolescence. Also the patient's education on manifestations of those systemic diseases is considerably important.