In Vitro Abrasion Wear of Nano and Hybrid Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials

Objectives: To evaluate and compare abrasion wear volume and wear height of three nano and hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM materials.
Methods: A total of 24 square specimens (10x10x2mm) were fabricated from three CAD/CAM material blocks (n=8): Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative (LU, 3M ESPE), VITA ENAMIC (VE, Vita Zahnfabrik), and CERASMART (CS, GC Corp.). A pilot study and power analysis suggested a minimum of 7 specimens per group. Specimens were individually embedded in acrylic resin molds, fitting into the lower specimen holder of a dual-axis artificial chewing simulator (SD Mechatronik). Testing chambers were filled with saline solution and each sample underwent 120,000 cycles of wear from zirconia antagonists under 5 kg load (49 N chewing force). Light-body PVS impressions were made from each sample’s wear facet. Using these impressions, vertical height and volume loss were recorded and calculated with a Zygo NewView 6K series profilometer and MetroPro software. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test were used to compare wear height (WH) and wear volume (WV) with p=0.05.
Results: CS revealed significantly lower wear height and wear volume than VE and LU. VE had the highest material volume and height loss, which was not significantly different from LU (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Nano and hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM materials have different wear behavior. Nano ceramic material CS revealed the highest wear resistance among tested materials.