IADR Abstract Archives
Catecholaminergic Predictors of Parental-report, PSG and EMG Sleep Bruxism in Children
Objectives: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a disorder characterized by excessive jaw muscle activity. It has multifactorial etiology, including dopaminergic disturbances. Although association between catecholamines and bruxism in children exists, polysomnographic (PSG) or electromyographic (EMG) studies have not been performed to determine the correlations of catecholamines with SB diagnosed with PSG and/or EMG. The objective was to determine the associations in children of three catecholamines with SB, assessed by parental report (Possible-SB), PSG (Definitive-SB) and a portable single-channel EMG device (Medotech A/S) (Portable-EMG-SB).
Methods: 38 children 8-12 year old (16 girls and 22 boys; mean age 9.21; SD 1.58) participated. The diagnosis of SB was assessed from a 28-item questionnaire filled out by the parents (Possible-SB). Children used a portable single-channel EMG device for five nights (Portable-EMG-SB) and on the fifth night, a PSG study was performed to assess SB following international gold standard characteristics (Definitive-SB). A 24-h urine sample was collected for each subject and analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography technique to assay the adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine content. Single regression analyses were performed to identify the potential catecholaminergic predictors of Possible-SB, Definitive-SB and Portable-EMG-SB.
Results: From the 38 children, possible-SB was observed in the sample as “never” in 9 children (23.6%), “rarely” in 2 (5.2%), “sometimes” in 6 (15.7%), “usually” in 12 (31.5%) and “always” in 9 (23.6%); Definitive-SB was encountered in 12 (31.5%) and Portable-EMG-SB in 21 (55.2%) of the children. Children with the different diagnoses of SB showed statistical positive correlations with dopamine: Possible-SB (r=0.35;p=0.029) (Table 1), Definitive-SB (r=0.38; p=0.017) (Table 2), and Portable-EMG-SB (r=0.51; p=0.001) (Table 3), but not with adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Conclusions: Definitive-SB is encountered relatively commonly in children (31.5%), however, parenteral reports and portable EMG devices may overestimate the prevalence. Interestingly, there is good evidence to support a correlation between dopamine levels and SB in children. Further studies may explore the dopamine as a candidate to predict SB in children.
Methods: 38 children 8-12 year old (16 girls and 22 boys; mean age 9.21; SD 1.58) participated. The diagnosis of SB was assessed from a 28-item questionnaire filled out by the parents (Possible-SB). Children used a portable single-channel EMG device for five nights (Portable-EMG-SB) and on the fifth night, a PSG study was performed to assess SB following international gold standard characteristics (Definitive-SB). A 24-h urine sample was collected for each subject and analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography technique to assay the adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine content. Single regression analyses were performed to identify the potential catecholaminergic predictors of Possible-SB, Definitive-SB and Portable-EMG-SB.
Results: From the 38 children, possible-SB was observed in the sample as “never” in 9 children (23.6%), “rarely” in 2 (5.2%), “sometimes” in 6 (15.7%), “usually” in 12 (31.5%) and “always” in 9 (23.6%); Definitive-SB was encountered in 12 (31.5%) and Portable-EMG-SB in 21 (55.2%) of the children. Children with the different diagnoses of SB showed statistical positive correlations with dopamine: Possible-SB (r=0.35;p=0.029) (Table 1), Definitive-SB (r=0.38; p=0.017) (Table 2), and Portable-EMG-SB (r=0.51; p=0.001) (Table 3), but not with adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Conclusions: Definitive-SB is encountered relatively commonly in children (31.5%), however, parenteral reports and portable EMG devices may overestimate the prevalence. Interestingly, there is good evidence to support a correlation between dopamine levels and SB in children. Further studies may explore the dopamine as a candidate to predict SB in children.