IL10 Gene Expression in Periodontitis, Dyslipidemia and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of periodontitis, poorly or well-controlled T2DM and dyslipidemia in systemic IL10 gene expression. We also studied the partial correlation (controlled for age and sex) between IL10 gene expression with clinical periodontal, glycemic and lipid profiles.
Methods: One hundred fifty patients were separated into five groups (G) containing 30 individuals each: (G1) poorly controlled diabetics with dyslipidemia and periodontitis; (G2) well-controlled diabetics with dyslipidemia and periodontitis; (G3) normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia and periodontitis; (G4) individuals with periodontitis only; (G5) individuals without any of the three diseases. All patients underwent physical and periodontal examination. Blood analyses were carried out for biochemical evaluation of lipid and glycemic profiles. Total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of each patient was extracted and IL10 gene expression was investigated by RT-qPCR.
Results: From a total of 1788 screened patients, 150 (30 patients per group) obeyed the inclusion criteria of the study. Patients with dyslipidemia (G1, G2 and G3) the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene IL10 was statistically lower than the G4 and G5. The IL10 mRNA levels correlated negatively with parameters associated with periodontal disease severity (bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth ≥6 mm and attachment loss ≥5 mm). In addition, IL10 gene expression was also negatively correlated with parameters of glucose and lipid profile (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides). No differences were observed between poorly or well-controlled T2DM patients regarding IL10 gene expression. Periodontitis did not seem to influence the systemic expression of the IL10 gene.
Conclusions: We concluded that, considering the investigated patients, dyslipidemia was the primary disease that influenced the lower IL10 gene expression, while the glycemic control of T2D or periodontitis did not alter the expression of this important anti-inflammatory gene.