Objectives: To investigate the cooperative effect of exogenous dextranase(Dex) and sodium fluoride(NaF) on a mature cariogenic muti-species biofilm and to analyze the potential mechanisms.
Methods: The muti-species biofilm established in vitro was formed by Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus, according to the method of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Dex and NaF were added alone or together. The biomass of the biofilms were measured. The results of the agents on exopolysaccharide production were determined by scintillation counting and anthrone method. The viability and morphology of the muti-species biofilms were evaluated by colony forming unit (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
Results: The biological effects of the agents on muti-species biofilm were greatly enhanced when used in combination, which was similar to the result of S.mutans 25175 monospecies biofilms. In general, biofilms treated with Dex and NaF in combination exhibited less biomass, soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharide than did those treated with the test agents alone (P<0.05). With the combination of the vital fluorescence technique and the CLSM, the results showed the structure of experimental biofilms appeared relatively looser and the percentage of vital (green-stained) bacteria compared to dead (red-stained) bacteria decreased remarkably compared with control.
Conclusion: The combination of Dex and a low concentration of NaF is a promising candidate for disrupting complicated cariogenic muti-species biofilms. This feature may be in that Dex looses the structure of biofilms, thus favours the penetration of NaF into biofilms and improves its antibacterial effects.