Effects of Essential Oils from Ugandan Plants on Oral Pathogens
Objectives: To test in-vitro inhibitory effects of essential oils(E.Os) extracts from Ugandan medicinal plants, namely, Cymbopogon citratus(C.ci), Cymbopogon nardus(C.na), Teclea noblis(T.no), Z. chalybeum(Z.ch), and Lantana trifolia(L.tr) on cariogenic Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and periodontopathogenic Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Bacililus megaterium and Escherichia coli were included to represent other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria respectively.
Methods: E.Os were obtained from fresh leaves and twigs of the plants through steam distillation process. S.mutans was suspended in Brain Heart Infusion, L.acidophilus in Lactobacilli MRS Broth. P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans in Peptone Yeast Glucose, B.megaterium and E.coli in Luria broth. The suspensions were incubated for 90 minutes at 37ºC in the presence of 1%, 0.1% , 0.01% (v/v) final concentrations of E.Os. Dilutions of E.Os were prepared in DMSO. After 90 minutes, the suspensions were spread on agar plates with respective growth medium. The plates were incubated at 37ºC until bacterial colonies were visible and colony forming units (CFU) determined. CFU determination was performed in duplicates and for each bacterium and oil concentration, the experiment was also done in duplicate. Inhibitory activity was expressed as a percentage of CFU to the CFU in the control. Possible major constituents in E.Os were explored by GC/MS analysis.
Results: The most active E.O was from C.na. (Major constituents: Juniper camphor- (43.7%); Myrcene-(10.5%); Germacrene-D-4-ol-(8.6%)). It was completely inhibitory to P.gingivalis, A.actinomycetemcomitans and B. megaterium at 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% concentrations. P.gingivalis was also completely inhibited by all tested E.Os at 1% and 0.1% concentrations. S.mutans was completely inhibited by C.ci and Z.ch at 1% concentration and by C.na at 0.1% concentration. The least sensitive bacterium was L. acidophilus as none of the studied E.Os showed complete inhibition of this bacterial species.
Conclusion: The E.Os from these Ugandan plants show significant inhibitory effects on periodontopathogens and limited effects on cariogenic pathogens.
Division: IADR/AMER General Session
Meeting:2014 IADR/AMER General Session (Cape Town, South Africa) Location: Cape Town, South Africa
Year: 2014 Final Presentation ID:1627 Abstract Category|Abstract Category(s):Pharmacology/Therapeutics/Toxicology
Authors
Ocheng, Francis
( Makerere University, Department of Dentistry, Kampala, , Uganda
; Karolinska Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Huddinge, , Sweden
)
Bwanga, Freddie
( Makerere University, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kampala, , Uganda
)
Joloba, Moses
( Makerere University, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kampala, , Uganda
)
Softrata, Abier
( Karolinska Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Huddinge, , Sweden
)
Azeem, Muhammad
( Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Stockholm, , Sweden
)
Borg-karlson, Anna
( Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Stockholm, , Sweden
)
Obua, Celestino
( Makerere University, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kampala, , Uganda
)
Gustafsson, Anders
( Karolinska Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Stockholm, , Sweden
)