Methods: The study was conducted in a pediatric dentistry clinic. Participants were randomised to an intervention group (cognitive behavioural therapy) or a control group (treatment as usual). The primary endpoints were decrease in DA and acceptance of dental treatment.
Results: As a result of difficulties in the recruitment process, the study period was extended and the target sample size was reduced. Of the138 possible eligible patients, 55 were enrolled, 44 declined participation, and 39 were excluded. The study group did not differ from the non-participants with regard to age, gender or cause of referral.
Conclusions: The study had a large proportion of non-participants due to declined participation and non-attendance, and this poses a threat to its external validity. From a clinical perspective, the reasons for the lack of motivation to participate in behavioural interventions and the failure to appear warrant further investigation.