Methods: Literature searches were performed through Medline, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Data extraction, conversion and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was done when appropriate. Weighted mean difference of OTM amount was estimated by RevMan 5.01.Effect was assessed as fold change of OTM amount in the experimental group relative to the control during the same observation time.
Results: Forty-six studies , including 36 preclinical and 10 clinical, were qualified according to the selection criteria. Generally, there are 3 major categories of BAO approaches, i.e., surgeries, molecules(or agents) and physical stimulations. In the preclinical studies, 1) interseptal alveolar surgery increased OTM to 2.21 and 1.87 folds, and corticotomy increased OTM to 1.60 and 1.33 folds, at 2 and 4 wk respectively; 2) vitamin D3 and PGE increased OTM to 2.15 and 1.80 folds respectively throughout 2-4 wk; 3) no agreement was found on the effects of low level laser (LLL) . In the clinical studies, 1) corticotomy increased OTM to 2.52 and 1.15 folds at 1 and 3 mo respectively; 2) no significant difference was found between LLL and the control. The results in preclinical and clinical studies are largely coincident. Surgery and molecule are both effective; however, in contrast to molecule, surgery-induced OTM acceleration attenuates drastically in the longer term.
Conclusions: For ultimate translation of BAO approaches, preclinical studies on multiple species with longer observation time are sorely called for.